Osteoporosis is common post lung transplantation but data are limited on subsequent fracture risk.
Aim: To determine incidence of fracture in lung transplant recipients.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients listed between April 2014 and September 2015 at St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney and followed up to December 2020.
Results: The cohort consisted of 64 patients (35 females, 17 post-menopausal), 88% Caucasians with a mean age 48 ± 14.3 at time of transplant. During 245 person-years of follow-up, 17 patients (26.%) experienced at least one minimal trauma fracture yielding a rate of 69 fractures/1000 person-years (95% CI, 43 – 112). Crude rates were similar for women and men, however, after age-adjustment there was a non-significant trend towards a higher rate in women [HR 1.24 (0.46 - 3.36)] (figure).
A total of 53 fractures was recorded, with 11 patients experiencing multiple fractures either occurring concurrently and/or subsequently. The majority of fractures were vertebral (62%), followed by rib (20%) and most were symptomatic (66%). Of the 18 asymptomatic fractures, 16 were vertebral and 2 were rib fractures. The mean time to first fracture was 2.1 ± 1.4 years, with almost half (47%) occurring in the first year post transplant.
Women who fractured (n=9) were significantly older, had lower BMD, more likely to have COPD, a history of smoking and to be post-menopausal. For men (n=8), presence of cystic fibrosis and lower BMI were associated with a non-significant trend towards increased fracture risk.
The majority (73%) received anti-resorptive treatment before and/or after transplantation, including 11 of the 17 (65%) patients who subsequently had fractures.
Conclusions: One in 4 of these lung transplant recipients suffered low trauma fractures; most commonly vertebral crush fractures. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify fracture risk up to 6 years after lung transplantation.