Background: Young elite rowers accrue greater areal bone mineral density (aBMD) associated with mechanical loading. However, it is unknown whether retired elite rowers maintain a higher aBMD with ageing. Therefore, we measured aBMD in retired older elite male rowers.
Study design: Retired elite athletes were recruited from a database of athletes aged 45-80 years and who competed at State, National or International level for 10 or more years. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured aBMD (whole body, total hip and lumbar spine) and body composition where corrections for body size were made by dividing by height squared (kg/m2) giving fat mass index (FMI) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI). VO2max (mL/kg/min) was assessed to determine cardiorespiratory fitness. Fasting blood samples were collected to assess lipids and kidney function. Data are expressed as mean±SD; aBMD (T-scores) are reported. Associations between ALMI, FMI and VO2max with aBMD with age adjustments was determined and p-values reported.
Results: The 82 men were aged 63.6±8.6 years, weighed 88.5±12.4kg, with a height of 183.6±7.7cm. They had normal ALMI (8.7±0.8kg/m2) and FMI (6.6±2.3kg/m2), while VO2max was in the superior range (38.8±9.8ml/kg/min). Biochemical tests revealed healthy ranges for lipids (cholesterol: 5.0±1.2, triglycerides: 1.2±0.8, HDL: 2.1±1.1, LDL: 3.1±1.0) and kidney function (creatinine: 82.0±14.8, eGFR: 83.8±9.6). BMD T-scores were either normal or high-normal at all sites: whole body (1.37±0.11g/cm2; T-score:+1.7), total hip (1.08±0.13g/cm2; T-score:-0.11), femoral neck (1.00±0.13g/cm2; T-score:-0.53) and lumbar spine (1.16±0.14 g/cm2; T-score:-0.41). ALMI was positively associated with aBMD at all sites except lumbar spine (all p<0.05), FMI was positively associated with aBMD at all sites (p<0.05). There were negative associations between total hip aBMD and VO2max (p=0.01).
Conclusion: Older retired elite male rowers had normal or high-normal aBMD. Performing high intensity endurance exercise for ≥10 years at a younger age, may contribute to improved bone health with ageing.