Objective:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis, but the biomolecular, especially post-translational modifications such as N-glycans, involvement of its onset and progression is controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to spatially localise, identify, and compare N-glycans from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) osteochondral tissue in KOA patients and cadaveric controls (CTL).
Methods:
FFPE osteochondral tissue from end-stage KOA patients (n=3) and CTL individuals (n=3), >55 years of age, were analysed by advanced matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI). In-house developed gelatin pre-coating workflows were used to obtain the imaging data. Based on the theoretical masses, N-glycan peaks were then manually selected, and ion intensity maps were generated using FlexImaging and SCiLS Lab software. Putative N-glycan structures were annotated using the following tools: GlycoMod, which calculates the theoretical monosaccharide composition, and Glycoworkbench to create individual N-glycan structures.
Results:
MALDI-MSI revealed differential N-glycan profiles between KOA patients and CTL individuals within the cartilage region only. Overall, 26 N-glycans were found significantly elevated in KOA cartilage as compared to CTL cartilage, with approximately a 2.5-fold increase in the signal intensity. In addition, there were particular three complex/hybrid-type N-glycans of m/z 1298.4, 1501.5, and 1663.5 ± 0.5 Da found predominantly in the upper fibrillated surface of degraded cartilage (OARSI histological grade 2.5-3), with minimal signal intensity in the adjacent surface with less damaged cartilage (OARSI histological grade 1-1.5).
Conclusion:
Our preliminary results demonstrate the novel application of MALDI-MSI to identify and localise KOA cartilage‐specific N-glycans. The alterations of these particular complex/hybrid-type N-glycans could evolve into a potential cartilage degradation marker and a possible new target for future treatment of cartilage degradation in patients with KOA. Further validation of these results is currently in progress using a fragmentation technique called liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).