Microfluidics offers several advantages over their traditional macro-scale counterparts by extending the possibility of biomedical research based on the idea of miniaturization. These platforms provide opportunities to manipulate cells and biological processes at the single-cell level and develop nature-inspired technologies for biomedical applications. For example, in the context of fertility, microfluidics can match the microgeometry of the female reproductive tract to present opportunities for biomimicry-based selection of sperm that reflect the in vivo process. In this talk, I will provide an overview of our work in developing microfluidic technologies for understanding human reproduction, and sperm analysis and selection. These platforms present several promising avenues to address our large-scale infertility challenges.